[용어해설] FOMC 어떤 곳? 미국 금리인상 그 속뜻은…Federal Open Market Committee 해부

[글로벌이코노믹 김대호 기자] 미국이 또 기준 금리를 올렸다.

금리를 올린 주체는 미국 연준의 FOMC이다.
FOMC는 Federal Open Market Committee의 약자이다. 우리 말로는 연준 공개시장위원회로 번역된다.

연준이 미국의 통화 신용정책을 꾸려가는 최고사령탑이라고 할 때 FOMC는 그 사령탑의 머리에 해당한다.
연준 의장인 재닛 옐런이 FOMC 의장을 맡고 있다.

대통령이 임명하는 7명의 연준이사와 지역 연준 총재 대표 5명 등 모두 12명으로 구성된다.
The Federal Reserve controls the three tools of monetary policy--open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is responsible for the discount rate and reserve requirements, and the Federal Open Market Committee is responsible for open market operations. Using the three tools, the Federal Reserve influences the demand for, and supply of, balances that depository institutions hold at Federal Reserve Banks and in this way alters the federal funds rate. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions lend balances at the Federal Reserve to other depository institutions overnight.

Changes in the federal funds rate trigger a chain of events that affect other short-term interest rates, foreign exchange rates, long-term interest rates, the amount of money and credit, and, ultimately, a range of economic variables, including employment, output, and prices of goods and services.

Structure of the FOMC

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) consists of twelve members--the seven members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; and four of the remaining eleven Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis. The rotating seats are filled from the following four groups of Banks, one Bank president from each group: Boston, Philadelphia, and Richmond; Cleveland and Chicago; Atlanta, St. Louis, and Dallas; and Minneapolis, Kansas City, and San Francisco. Nonvoting Reserve Bank presidents attend the meetings of the Committee, participate in the discussions, and contribute to the Committee's assessment of the economy and policy options.

The FOMC holds eight regularly scheduled meetings per year. At these meetings, the Committee reviews economic and financial conditions, determines the appropriate stance of monetary policy, and assesses the risks to its long-run goals of price stability and sustainable economic growth.

For more detail on the FOMC and monetary policy, see section 2 of the brochure on the structure of the Federal Reserve System and chapter 2 of Purposes & Functions of the Federal Reserve System. FOMC Rules and Authorizations are also available online.

2017 Committee Members

Janet L. Yellen, Board of Governors, Chair

William C. Dudley, New York, Vice Chairman

Lael Brainard, Board of Governors

Charles L. Evans, Chicago

Stanley Fischer, Board of Governors

Patrick Harker, Philadelphia

Robert S. Kaplan, Dallas

Neel Kashkari, Minneapolis

Jerome H. Powell, Board of Governors

Alternate Members

Raphael W. Bostic, Atlanta

Loretta J. Mester, Cleveland

Mark L. Mullinix, First Vice President, Richmond

Michael Strine, First Vice President, New York

John C. Williams, San Francisco


김대호 기자 yoonsk828@g-enews.com